Is your state regulation ready? A review of geologic carbon sequestration regulations in the United States

Danny Kingham, Shailee Bhattacharya, Christ Niamike, Noah Goodkind, and Travis M. McGuire recently co-authored “Is your state regulation ready? a review of...

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Danny Kingham, Shailee Bhattacharya, Christ Niamike, Noah Goodkind, and Travis M. McGuire recently co-authored “Is your state regulation ready? a review of geologic carbon sequestration regulations in the United States.”

Co-authored with William Gallin, Paul V. Franke, Meghan E. Gavin, Emma Thomley, and Ryan Kammer, and Ian Sackmann, the article reviews geologic carbon sequestration regulations across all 50 states using 14 regulatory factors tied to project advancement, from pore space ownership and liability to Class VI primacy and pipeline considerations.

The result is a practical framework for evaluating regulatory readiness, offering insight for states and other entities looking to develop or strengthen geologic carbon sequestration policy. It also highlights how regulatory readiness often aligns with Class VI primacy, energy production history, and experience with federally supported projects.

This publication reflects the technical and policy-focused work GSI brings to complex carbon management challenges.

Read the full open-access article here: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2026.2645787#abstract

Railroad Commission of Texas Granted UIC Class VI Primacy

Big News for Texas Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects: The EPA has officially granted the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) UIC...

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Big News for Texas Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects:
The EPA has officially granted the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC) UIC Class VI primacy, giving the state primary authority over Class VI CO₂ injection wells starting December 15, 2025.

Why this Matters:
Texas CCS developers can expect more streamlined UIC Class VI permitting and effective stakeholder and agency engagement. With 18 applications already under review, and many more coming, this shift is a major step toward accelerating commercial-scale CO₂ storage projects across the state.

Combined with enhanced federal IRS 45Q tax credits, suitable geology, and existing infrastructure, Texas is now positioned as one of the most competitive jurisdictions in the U.S. for CCS development.

GSI has supported UIC Class VI projects nationwide with:
✔ Site screening and geologic/hydrogeologic characterization
✔ Class VI permit preparation and regulator-ready submittals
✔ Multi-phase reservoir modeling
✔ Practical and cost-effective testing and monitoring plan design and implementation
✔ Stakeholder and agency engagement
✔ Detailed artificial penetration review and Corrective Action Plan design
✔ Water resource assessments
✔ Alignment with IRS 45Q, LCFS, and EPA GHG reporting requirements

We support clients with strong, regulator-ready applications that keep projects moving efficiently from feasibility through permitting and operation. Reach out to learn how GSI can support your Class VI project.

Curious how each state stacks up across the U.S.? Check out GSI’s free RegReady Map Tool, which scores all 50 states across 14 CCS-related regulatory factors—including UIC Class VI Primacy. https://www.gsienv.com/software/other-models-and-tools/regready-map-tool/

For questions, please contact Danny Kingham at dbkingham@gsienv.com.

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